History & Culture

Guernsey’s history begins at around 8000BC when Guernsey was separated from mainland Europe by rising sea levels.  Evidence of hunting and fishing dating back to 6500BC has been found, and around 4500BC Les Fouillages burial mound was built by Neolithic man and is possibly the oldest manmade structure in Europe.  Evidence of settlements and farming also date back to this period, and traces of defence works have been found which date back to 2000BC.  Later on, Iron Age man and Romans left their mark.

The islands formed part of Normandy, France from 933AD, forging a link between Britain and France that survives locally in Norman Law, surnames and D’gernésiais, the local language.

Guernsey sided with King John of England in 1204 when he lost Normandy to Phillippe Augustus of France.  The building of Castle Cornet began around this time.  The Castle was built to repel a French invasion and has had a colourful history.  Today it houses some of the island’s best museums and hosts outdoor events. 

Guernsey’s heritage is inextricably linked to the sea with a strong history of fishing, shipbuilding, privateering, as well as it being an important location for merchants.  This close relationship is reflected in the way of life.  The traditional Guernsey jumper is still used throughout the world and is famous for its warmth and water repellent wool.

The 20th century also left its mark.   The island was home to French poet Victor Hugo, whose house provides an intriguing monument to his 15-years of exile on the Island (1856 – 1870), and is open to the public during the summer months.   During this time, he made a lasting impression and wrote some of his most famous works.

Later on in the century, the islands became bulwarks in Europe’s WWII Atlantic Wall. The legacy is a labyrinth of fortifications, plus fascinating museums that vividly recreate everyday life in the occupied islands.

World War II was a defining part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey’s recent history. The hardship of the occupation began with the evacuation of the Island’s children, and some adults, to the United Kingdom on 20th June, 1940.  On the 28th June, 33 islanders were killed and many were injured in  the bombing of St Peter Port.  This was followed by the final act of invasion and occupation by the Germans on 30th June.

Half of the islands population had been evacuated. This had a huge impact on the Island, not only in the look and feel, but also in the shift  in population, traditions and language.  With evacuees being away for over five years, following liberation in May 1945, some decided to stay in the United Kingdom, when others brought back new husbands, wives and children.

Due to ‘locals’ speaking English while away, the local language,  D’gernésiais, was not used so much after this period.  Recently there has been a campaign to save the language with children having lessons in school once again.

Every year on 9th May, the Island celebrates its freedom on Liberation Day.  On this bank holiday, there is a programme of events based in the capital, St Peter Port, as well as individual parishes holding additional events.